Skip to main content

Avul Pakir Jainulabdeen Abdul Kalam



  • Born: 15th October 1931 at Rameswaram, Tamil Nadu.
    • His birth anniversary is celebrated as the National Innovation Day.
  • He was an Indian scientist and politician who played a leading role in the development of India’s missile and nuclear weapons programmes like Integrated Guided Missile Development Programme (IGMDP).
    • He planned programmes to produce a number of successful missiles, which helped earned him the nickname “Missile Man”.
    • In Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO), he was the project director of the SLV-III, India’s first indigenously designed and produced satellite launch vehicle.
  • In 1998, he put forward a countrywide plan called Technology Vision 2020, which he described as a road map for transforming India from a less-developed to a developed society in 20 years.
    • The plan called for, among other measures, increasing agricultural productivity, emphasizing technology as a vehicle for economic growth, and widening access to health care and education.
  • He was sworn in as India’s 11th President in 2002 and completed the full term in 2007.
  • Literary Works: Wings of Fire (autobiography), India 2020 - A Vision for the New Millennium, Ignited Minds - Unleashing the power within India, etc.
  • Awards: Among his numerous awards were two of the country’s highest honors, the Padma Vibhushan (1990) and the Bharat Ratna (1997).
  • Death: 27th July 2015 at Shillong, Meghalaya.
Labels:
Location: India

Comments

Post a Comment

Popular posts from this blog

A leaf was plucked from a plant on a sunny day and kept for 2 minutes in boiling water. It was subsequently immersed in boiling alcohol and treated with iodine solution. What will be the final colour of the leaf after the test?

 The final color of the leaf after the described test would likely be a bluish-black color. The process described is a common laboratory experiment known as the iodine test for starch. When a leaf is plucked from a plant, it contains starch. The boiling water breaks down the cell membranes and denatures the enzymes, effectively stopping any metabolic processes. Boiling alcohol acts as a solvent to remove chlorophyll from the leaf. Finally, when the leaf is treated with iodine solution, it reacts with the remaining starch, resulting in the formation of a bluish-black color. This color change indicates the presence of starch in the leaf.
Post a Comment
Read more

Academic Freedom in India

  Why in News? India has scored considerably low in the international  Academic Freedom Index (AFI)  with a score of 0.352. Academic freedom,  in general, refers to a scholar's freedom to express ideas without risk of official interference or professional disadvantage. Points to Remember:- About the Academic Freedom Index: It has been  published by Global Public Policy Institute  as a part of a global time-series dataset (1900-2019) in close cooperation with  Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Scholars at Risk, and the V‑Dem Institute. It  compares  levels of academic freedom worldwide and enhances the understanding of its curtailments. The AFI used  eight components  to evaluate the scores: the freedom to research and teach, freedom of academic exchange and dissemination, institutional autonomy, campus integrity, freedom of academic and cultural expression, constitutional protection of academic freedom, international...
Post a Comment
Read more

If the red blood cells (RBCs) of human blood are isolated and are diluted in normal saline (an isotonic solution to blood), what will happen to the RBCs?

If the red blood cells (RBCs) of human blood are isolated and diluted in normal saline, which is an isotonic solution to blood, the RBCs will remain intact and maintain their normal shape and function. An isotonic solution has the same concentration of solutes as the cytoplasm of the RBCs. When the RBCs are placed in an isotonic solution like normal saline, there will be no net movement of water across the cell membrane. As a result, the RBCs will neither shrink nor swell, and their osmotic equilibrium will be maintained. The shape of the RBCs, typically biconcave discs, will be preserved, allowing them to continue their vital functions, such as carrying oxygen and carbon dioxide throughout the body. In summary, diluting RBCs in a normal saline solution, which is isotonic to blood, will not cause any significant changes to the RBCs, and they will remain functional and retain their normal shape.
Post a Comment
Read more